The I Ching, an ancient Chinese classic text on changing events, became Cage's standard composition tool for the rest of his life. Through his studies of Indian philosophy and Zen Buddhism in the late 1940s, Cage came to the idea of chance-controlled music, which he started composing in 1951. His teachers included Henry Cowell (1933) and Arnold Schoenberg (1933–35), both known for their radical innovations in music and coincidentally their shared love of mushrooms, but Cage's major influences lay in various Eastern cultures. So as long as we’re alive and conscious, there’s no such thing as silence there’s always music. When he comes out, he learns that the high-pitched sound was his nervous system, and the low-pitched one, his circulatory system. Another famous creation of Cage's is the prepared piano (a piano with its sound altered by placing various objects in the strings), for which he wrote numerous dance-related works and a few concert pieces, the best known of which is Sonatas and Interludes (1946–48). But John hears two sounds, a high-pitched one and a low-pitched one. The content of the composition is meant to be perceived as the sounds of the environment that the listeners hear while it is performed, rather than merely as four minutes and thirty three seconds of silence, and the piece became one of the most controversial compositions of the 20th century. He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.Ĭage is perhaps best known for his 1952 composition 4′33″, the three movements of which are performed without a single note being played. Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential American composers of the 20th century. A pioneer of chance music, electronic music and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. was an American composer, philosopher, poet, music theorist, artist, printmaker, and amateur mycologist and mushroom collector. The content of the compo John Milton Cage Jr. Cage is perhaps best known for his 1952 composition 4′33″, the three movements of which are performed without a single note being played. He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.
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